Kyoto the wonderland

I am going to write about a few of my favourite destinations in Kyoto.

Most of the sightseeing in Kyoto is Buddhist temples and Shinto Shrines.

These places are always surrounded by gardens.

Kyoto's gardens and Sanmon gates are deeply connected to the Zen Buddhist traditions, offering serene environments designed to inspire reflection and mindfulness. 

Gardens

1. Dry landscape gardens are associated with Zen temples.

Ryoan-ji is the most famous garden

2. Strolling gardens - designed for walking through them and these incorporate

   ponds ,streams, and bridges. - Katsura Imperial Villa garden is most famous for that.

3. Tea Gardens are found at Tea houses and lead people to Tea room along stone path. - Kodai-ji has the most beautiful tea garden.

4. Pond and water gardens. - These gardens have a central pond.

   Heian Shrine garden is known for its large pond.

KINKAKUJI  - GINKAKUJI

These are the two most famous landmarks to be seen if you are in Kyoto.

1. KINKAKUJI  : The golden pavilion.  Originally built as retirement villa for a shogun. After his death it was converted into a Zen temple by his son, in accordance with his wishes.

Kinkaku-ji is one of Japan’s most iconic landmarks, a Zen Buddhist temple renowned for its stunning architecture and serene surroundings.

It is a three storey structure with each floor constructed in a different style. The top two floors are entirely covered in gold leaf, giving the pavilion its iconic golden appearance.

The Kikaku-tei Pavilion (Kinkaku-tei) refers to a historic structure within the Kinkaku-ji (Temple of the Golden Pavilion) in Kyoto, Japan. Kinkaku-ji has been destroyed and rebuilt several times throughout its history. The most recent distruction occurred in 1950, when a young monk set fire to the pavilion. The present structure was rebuilt in 1955, replicating the original design.

The temple is set in a beautifully landscaped garden with a large reflecting pond known as the Kyōko-chi (Mirror Pond). The temple's reflection in the pond, especially when illuminated by sunlight, is one of its most famous views.

Kinkaku-ji is a UNESCO World Heritage site and attracts millions of visitors annually. It's one of the most recognisable icons of Japan.

2. GINKAKUJI : The Silver Pavilion.

This building was originally built as a retirement villa. 

Interestingly, the "Silver Pavilion" never received a silver covering. 

Ginkakuji is famous for its exquisite gardens. It has a sand garden and a moss garden.

It is especially popular during the autumn months, when the surrounding trees are ablaze with vibrant foliage, enhancing the temple's serene beauty. 

Ginkakuji is a profound symbol of Japanese aesthetics and culture, embodying both spiritual depth and artistic refinement. Its understated elegance, combined with its tranquil gardens, makes it one of the most cherished historical sites in Japan.

3. KIYOMIZU-DERA : is a famous Buddhist temple located in Kyoto. It is one of the most celebrated temples in the country and is known for its stunning location, architectural beauty, and cultural significance. It was founded in 778 during Heinz period. The name "Kiyomizu" means "pure water" or "clear water," which comes from the Otowa Waterfall located on the temple grounds.

Main Hall is famous for its large wooden stage that juts out over the hillside, offering visitors a breathtaking view of Kyoto, especially during the cherry blossom season in spring and the vibrant foliage of autumn. The wooden stage, constructed without the use of nails, is supported by 139 pillars and stands about 13 meters (43 feet) above the ground.

Kiyomizu-dera is not only a spiritual destination but also a symbol of Japan’s architectural heritage and natural beauty. 

Visiting Kiyomizu-dera at the beginning of fall is a spectacular experience. The temple's surroundings transform it into a vibrant display of red, orange, and yellow as the leaves change color, creating a magical atmosphere. The contrast between the temple's ancient wooden architecture and the autumn foliage is breathtaking, especially from the iconic wooden stage. Kiyomizu-dera is not only a spiritual destination but also a symbol of Japan’s architectural heritage and natural beauty. 

4. RYOANJI TEMPLE : Ryoanji Temple is one of Kyoto's most famous Zen temples, renowned for its dry landscape garden often considered one of the finest examples of Zen garden design. The temple belongs to the Myoshinji School of the Rinzai branch of Zen Buddhism and is located in the northwestern part of Kyoto.

Rock Garden 

The temple’s most famous feature is its minimalist rock garden, which consists of 15 stones of varying sizes arranged in small clusters on a bed of meticulously raked white gravel.

The garden is simple yet profound, with no trees or water, symbolizing the essence of Zen meditation. The design invites viewers to find personal meaning in the empty space. One fascinating aspect is that, no matter where you stand to observe the garden, only 14 of the 15 rocks are visible at any one time. Some say that only through achieving enlightenment can one see all 15 stones at once.

 The main building of Ryoanji, is where visitors can view the rock garden from a raised platform. Inside, traditional tatami rooms and sliding doors feature simple yet elegant designs that reflect Zen aesthetics.

5. SHISEN-DO : This particular garden was recommended to us by a friend from Maizuru.

Shisen-dō is renowned for its serene atmosphere, beautiful gardens, and architecture that reflects the simplicity and elegance of Japanese aesthetics. Its gardens are particularly famous in autumn when the maple leaves turn brilliant shades of red and orange.

The name "Shisen-dō" refers to the 36 Chinese poets whose portraits are enshrined in the main room of the temple. "The Hall of the Poetry Immortals," is a historic hermitage villa.

It was originally built in 1641 by Ishikawa Jōzan, a Japanese Confucian scholar and poet, as a retirement villa. The hermitage also has an interesting historical background, as Ishikawa Jōzan was  born of Samurai family. A military man who left his samurai life to pursue scholarly interests.

He is not only Known as a scholar of Chinese classics but also a landscape architect.  Shisen-dō's design reflects the scholar's desire for simplicity, intellectual contemplation, and harmony with nature.

6. SHOSEI-EN GARDEN : This garden was discovered while staying at Maizuru from a small guide book only related to Kyoto. In the book garden as Hidden Gem. 

Established in the 17th century, this garden is a classic example of a traditional Japanese stroll garden. It features a variety of natural landscapes, including ponds, bridges, teahouses, and seasonal plants.

The garden is located close to Higashi Honganji Temple in a very quiet area .

It is designed a central pond around which paths meander. This design allows visitors to experience different scenic views as they walk around. 

The garden has multiple traditional bridges, including a stone bridge, as well as wooden pavilions that are strategically placed to offer rest and vantage points for viewing the garden's natural scenery.

The garden is relatively lesser-known compared to other famous Kyoto gardens, making it a hidden gem for those looking for tranquility away from crowded tourist spots.  It’s a classic example of Japanese garden aesthetics, where harmony between man-made structures and nature is emphasised.

7. NINNAJI TEMPLE : As I said earlier we had lots of opportunity to explore Kyoto. This temple is close to Kinkakuji and Ryonji, so if you are in that area I would say it is a must see temple. The first time I visited this temple I was impressed by a large garden and lots of artists scattered all over busy painting the Pyramid and garden. 

Ninna-ji was founded in 888 by Emperor Uda.  It was originally established as an imperial temple, and its rich history reflects its connection to the Japanese imperial family.

The main hall of Ninna-ji is a significant structure within the temple complex. It houses important Buddhist statues and is a focal point for visitors. The architecture of the hall showcases traditional Japanese temple design.

 Ninna-ji is famous for its five-story pagoda, which is a striking feature of the temple. Built in 1600, it is a later reconstruction but is still considered one of the finest examples of traditional pagoda architecture in Japan. Its elegant design and towering presence make it a prominent feature of the temple grounds.

The temple is surrounded by a large beautiful garden. Ninna-ji is renowned for its Omuro cherry blossoms . These blossoms bloom later than other cherry varieties, typically in early April, providing a unique opportunity to enjoy cherry blossoms after the main season has ended.

8. SANZEN-IN TEMPLE :

Sanzenin Temple is located a ten minute walk uphill from Ohara bus stop.

Sanzenin Temple is the main attraction of the rural town of Ohara, which is located about an hour north of central Kyoto. The approach from Ohara bus stop to Sanzenin is lined with shops and restaurants catering to temple visitors, and there are a number of smaller temples in the vicinity. Sanzenin Temple itself has large temple grounds and a variety of buildings, gardens and walking paths.

Sanzenin is a temple of the Tendai sect of Japanese Buddhism and was founded by nobody less than the revered monk Saicho who introduced Tendai Buddhism to Japan in 804. Sanzenin is one of only a few temples whose head priests used to be members of the imperial family.

 It is closely tied to the powerful Enryaku-ji temple on Mount Hiei.  Sanzen-in is renowned for its beautiful moss garden, serene atmosphere, and historic architecture.

9. Enryakuji is one of the most important and historically significant Buddhist temple complexes in Japan. It is located on Mount Hiei, straddling the border between Kyoto and Shiga prefectures. Enryakuji is the headquarters of the Tendai sect of Buddhism, founded by the monk Saichō (最澄) in 788 during the Heian period.

• Historical Importance: Enryakuji played a pivotal role in shaping Japanese Buddhism. It became a powerful religious center, training many influential monks, including the founders of other major Buddhist schools, such as Honen (Jodo-shu), Shinran (Jodo Shinshu), Eisai (Rinzai Zen), Dogen (Soto Zen), and Nichiren (Nichiren Buddhism). It was sometimes referred to as the "Mother of Japanese Buddhism" because of its influence.

• Temple Complex: The temple is vast, with over 100 buildings scattered across the slopes of Mount Hiei. It is divided into three main areas:

  1. East Pagoda – The main area and where the Konpon Chu-do (Main Hall) is located. This hall is the spiritual heart of Enryakuji, housing the temple's main image, a statue of Yakushi Nyorai (the Medicine Buddha).

  2. West Pagoda– Another important section of the temple, known for the Shaka-do Hall.

  3. Yokawa – A more remote area, providing a peaceful, meditative atmosphere.

• Saichō's Legacy: Saichō studied in China and brought back the teachings of the Tiantai (Tendai in Japanese) school of Mahayana Buddhism. His aim was to unify various Buddhist teachings and create a comprehensive, syncretic approach to religious practice. Enryakuji became a key center for these teachings, blending elements of esoteric (密教, mikkyō) and exoteric practices.

  
  

• World Heritage Site: Enryakuji is now part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto" and is a major pilgrimage and tourist destination. Visitors are drawn not only to the temple's religious significance but also to the natural beauty of Mount Hiei, with its views over Kyoto and Lake Biwa.

FUSHMI INARI TAISHA : It is one of Japan's most iconic and visited Shinto shrines, located in southern Kyoto. It is renowned for its thousands of bright red torii gates that line the paths up Mount Inari and its deep connection to the Shinto god of rice, agriculture, and business success. It is dedicated to Inari, the Shinto god of rice, prosperity, and business.

It was founded in 711 CE, making it one of the oldest Shinto shrines in Japan.  The shrine is dedicated to Inari, the Shinto deity of rice, agriculture, prosperity, and industry.

Senbon Torii (Thousands of Torii Gates):

The most famous aspect of Fushimi Inari is its seemingly endless paths lined with over 10,000 vermilion torii gates, which form a tunnel-like pathway. These gates were donated by individuals and businesses seeking good fortune and prosperity.

Each torii gate is inscribed with the name of the donor on the back. The gates lead from the main shrine all the way to the top of Mount Inari, a journey that takes visitors through forested trails, with smaller shrines and beautiful viewpoints along the way.

Fushimi Inari Taisha is located at the base of Mount Inari, which is considered sacred. The mountain stands at 233 meters and is covered in hiking trails that connect the various shrines and religious sites on the slopes.

The full hike to the summit and back takes about 2–3 hours, offering stunning views of Kyoto along the way. The journey to the top is considered a pilgrimage by some, with many people stopping to pray at the smaller shrines scattered along the path.

The main building was built in 1499 and is a designated Important Cultural Property.

The festival celebrates the rice harvest and the blessings of prosperity from the deity Inari. During the festival, processions, rituals, and dances are held to honor the deity.

Fushimi Inari Taisha is not just a religious site but also a cultural symbol of Kyoto and Japan. Its iconic torii gates have been featured in numerous films, travel photos, and art, making it one of the most recognizable landmarks in Japan.

The shrine became globally famous when it was featured in the movie "Memoirs of a Geisha" (2005), where the main character is seen running through the torii gate paths, further cementing its reputation as a must-see destination in Japan.

NANZEN-JI TEMPLE : We discovered Nanzenji temple rather late. My friends in Kyoto took me  there for lunch. Nanzen-ji Temple, located in Kyoto, is one of the most important Zen Buddhist temples in Japan. Founded in the mid-13th century by Emperor Kameyama, it initially served as his retirement villa before being converted into a temple in 1291. It belongs to the Rinzai sect of Zen Buddhism and has played a central role in Japan’s religious and cultural life for centuries. It is the head temple of the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism and has a rich history and cultural heritage.

Some key highlights of Nanzen-ji include:

1. Sanmon Gate: This iconic structure, originally built in 1628, offers spectacular views of Kyoto when visitors climb to the top. The gate is historically significant as a symbol of peace and the liberation of all beings from worldly suffering.

2. Hojo Garden: This Zen garden, known for its simple and tranquil design, showcases elements like carefully raked gravel, rocks, and minimal vegetation, creating a sense of harmony and meditation.

3. Sub-temples: Nanzen-ji is surrounded by a number of sub-temples, each with its own distinctive garden or architectural feature, such as the Nanzen-in or Konchi-in temples. These areas offer peaceful spots for reflection and are often less crowded than the main hall.

4. Hiking Trails: Like many temples in Kyoto, Nanzen-ji is located at the base of the Higashiyama mountains, offering access to pleasant walking trails, including one leading to the nearby Philosopher's Path, especially beautiful during cherry blossom season.

Its blend of historical architecture, serene gardens, and natural beauty makes Nanzen-ji a beloved site for both meditation and sightseeing.

Shoshin-tei Garden in Nanzenji complex

 Shoshin-tei is a beautifully designed Japanese garden that offers a tranquil escape and showcases traditional garden aesthetics.

1. Setting: Shoshin-tei Garden is located in the Nanzenji Temple complex in Kyoto, making it a part of one of Kyoto’s most historically significant Zen Buddhist sites.

2. Design and Aesthetics:

   • Garden Style: Shoshin-tei is known for its classic Japanese garden design, which typically includes elements such as carefully arranged rocks, serene ponds, and meticulously pruned trees. The garden embodies the principles of Zen Buddhism, focusing on simplicity, harmony, and natural beauty.

   • Features: The garden features traditional elements such as a pond with koi fish, a small waterfall, and stepping stones. The use of natural materials and the arrangement of plants and rocks are intended to create a sense of tranquility and contemplation.

3. Historical Significance:

4. Origins: Shoshin-tei has historical roots connected to the Nanzenji Temple, which was founded in the 13th century. The garden reflects the historical and cultural practices of the time, providing a glimpse into the aesthetics and philosophy of Zen garden design.Hojo Garden, located in Kyoto's Tofuku-ji Temple, is a traditional Japanese garden designed to harmonize with the Zen Buddhist teachings practiced there. The garden, also known as "Hojo-teien," surrounds the temple's abbot's quarters (Hojo) and is well known for its distinct Zen elements and symbolic layouts.

   Designed by the famous modern landscape architect Mirei Shigemori in 1939, Hojo Garden is divided into four different sections, each representing different styles and principles of Japanese gardens:

   1. North Garden: This section consists of a moss garden interspersed with square-cut stones, arranged in a checkerboard pattern. The stones evoke a modern and abstract interpretation while harmonizing with the surrounding nature, offering a calm atmosphere for reflection.

   2. South Garden: A minimalist rock garden (karesansui), composed of large boulders and raked gravel, symbolizes islands and water. This space invites contemplation and meditation, typical of Zen gardens.

   3. East Garden: This garden is inspired by the concept of Elysian fields, where boulders are carefully placed among moss-covered ground, representing mythical and spiritual landscapes.

   4. West Garden: Similar to the North Garden, this section features azaleas arranged in a grid pattern, reflecting the fusion of traditional and modern design concepts.

   The layout and use of natural elements in Hojo Garden symbolize various philosophical and religious concepts, including the transience of life and the quest for enlightenment. The geometric designs contrast with the organic flow of nature, offering visitors a space for meditation and quiet contemplation amidst Kyoto's rich cultural heritage.